Levies Dashboard
This interactive dashboard highlights existing domestic taxes and solidarity levies on aviation, fossil fuels, and financial transactions in countries around the world. While many countries have taxed these key sectors domestically—demonstrating political will—few have implemented internationally coordinated levies earmarked for global public goods. This tool aims to track global progress in taxation of key sectors and provide country-level profiles to inform ongoing discussions about global solidarity levies. We encourage users to explore individual country profiles, and support the dashboard's evolution through feedback and contributions. The dashboard is based on the latest available data and is a live, evolving resource maintained by the Global Solidarity Levies Task Force.
What is a global solidarity levy?
A solidarity levy is a tax or fee, coordinated internationally but collected nationally, from which revenue is allocated towards a global public good. It differs from regular domestic taxes, which typically serve local budgets, and from global taxes, which are internationally governed.
Solidarity levies are:
- Collected nationally
- Coordinated internationally
- Earmarked for shared development goals
While existing solidarity levies have demonstrated the feasibility of such initiatives, they remain limited in scale and participation. The Global Solidarity Levies Taskforce calls for greater international collaboration to establish more substantial and widely supported global solidarity levies.
Existing solidarity levies
UNITAID Airline Ticket Levy
- Launched by France in 2006
- A solidarity tax on airline tickets, with part of the revenue going to UNITAID, a global health initiative whiched funds HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis programs.
- The coalition of participating countries expanded to 10 as of 2016: Cameroon, Chile, Republic of Congo, France, Guinea, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Niger and South Korea.
- Certain countries, such as Brazil and Norway, have adopted special mechanisms to make budgetary contributions.
- The tax has raise over $2 billion since its inception, providing substantial financing for health programs in developing countries.
UNITLIFE Extractives Levy
- Established in 2015 by the Republic of Congo, Niger, Mali, and Guinea.
- A small levy on revenues from oil, gas, gold, and other mining activities.
- The revenue from these extractive levies are intended to fund UNITLIFE, a UN-backed initiative aimed at fighting malnutrition and spuring growth in sub-Saharan Africa.
Methodology
The information used to create this dashboard comes from the latest available data. However, we are aware that in some instances, information may be missing, incomplete, or incorrect, and a relevant tax or levy may not be listed due to a lack of reliable data. Tax rates, descriptions, and revenues listed are indicative and may vary depending on sources or reporting years.
For the information on fossil fuels, we have gathered data published by extractive companies which enabled us to calculate an aggregate estimate of payments made to governments based on their extractive activities. The data on each government’s total revenue from fossil fuel companies comes from:
- ICTD-UNU WIDER Government Revenue Database (updated in September 2023 with 2022 data);
- Project-by-project data in the forthcoming publication ‘A Database of Extractive Taxes: Extractive Project-by-Project Reporting’ by Basile Blanc, Alice Chiocchetti and Ninon Moreau-Kastler (Published by Mimeo). This publication gathered all the information contained in mandatory government reporting from extractive companies listed in the EU, UK, Canada, Norway and USA since 2023.
The data on financial transaction taxes comes from:
- CEPR ‘Financial Transactions Taxes Around the World’;
- BNY Mellon;
- The Tax Foundation Europe for EU OECD Countries.
The data on aviation levies and taxes comes from different sources for each country. These are listed on the specific country pages.
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