Levies Dashboard

This interactive dashboard highlights existing domestic taxes and solidarity levies on aviation, fossil fuels, and financial transactions in countries around the world. Many countries have taxed these sectors domestically, demonstrating political will and feasibility. However, few have implemented internationally coordinated levies earmarked for global public goods. This tool aims to track global progress in taxation of key sectors and provide country-level profiles to inform ongoing discussions about global solidarity levies.

We encourage users to explore individual country profiles, and support the dashboard’s evolution through feedback and contributions. The dashboard is based on the latest available data and is a live, evolving resource maintained by the Global Solidarity Levies Task Force.

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Methodology

The information used to create this dashboard comes from the latest available data. However, we are aware that in some instances, information may be missing, incomplete, or incorrect, and a relevant tax or levy may not be listed due to a lack of reliable data. Tax rates, descriptions, and revenues listed are indicative and may vary depending on sources or reporting years.

Tax-to-GDP data is sourced from the OECD Global Revenue Statistics database, which offers standardized, internationally comparable tax data across both OECD and partner countries.

PVI data was drawn from the forthcoming publication: Guerrero, Ricardo. (2024). Redefining tax progressivity in developing countries The Progressive Vertical Index. 10.35188/UNU-WIDER/2024/528-8.

  • The Progressive Vertical Index (PVI) quantifies the degree of progressivity in a country’s tax system by comparing the effective tax rates of the top 1% of earners to those of the bottom 50%.

Data on fossil fuel-related revenues is based on publicly disclosed payments made by extractive companies to governments. Aggregate figures were calculated using:

  • ICTD-UNU WIDER Government Revenue Database (latest update: September 2023, with 2022 data);
  • Project-level data was drawn from the forthcoming publication, which compiles mandatory disclosures from companies listed in the EU, UK, Canada, Norway, and the USA: Blanc, Basile, Chiocchetti, Alice, and Moreau-Kastler, Ninon. A Database of Extractive Taxes: Extractive Project-by-Project Reporting. Mimeo (2024).

Data on carbon pricing mechanisms—including carbon taxes and emissions trading systems (ETS)—is sourced from the World Bank Carbon Pricing Dashboard.

Information on financial transaction taxes was compiled from:

Data on aviation taxes was collected from a range of country-specific sources. Full references are provided on each individual country page.

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