Solidarity Levies Simulator

Methodology

This simulator was developed by the authors Global Solidarity Levies: A Practical Negotiation Framework to Finance the Low-Carbon Transition and Development. It models a range of aviation levy scenarios using empirical data on flight volumes, passenger distributions, ticket classes, and fuel consumption.

The simulator’s design is grounded in established literature on international environmental taxation and incorporates practical lessons from existing solidarity levies, such as France’s Unitaid air ticket tax.

Revenue estimates for the taxation of private jet fuel are drawn from a recent report by CE Delft, which analyzes the revenue potential of various aviation levy designs.

The countries included in the Coalition for Solidarity Levies are: Barbados, France, Kenya, Antigua and Barbuda, Colombia, Denmark, Djibouti, Fiji, the Marshall Islands, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Spain, and Zambia. As of now, these countries have shown interest in implementing solidarity levies, but none have formally committed to implementing a solidarity levy on aviation.